Means for burning crude oil



M.y F. WITT. MEANs'foR B'uKN/ING muni/OIL'. APPLlcAnou man mm1. (921.

1g429,1478,' Patentedsept. 19, 1922.

INVENTORQ M. F. WITT. MEANS FOR BURNING ca uDE olL.

APPLICATION FLED JAN. 27,1921.

Patented Sept. 19, 1922` Q SHEETS-SHEET 2.

JNVENTOR.

M. F. wm. MEANS FOR BURNING CRUDE GIL.

' 4 SHEETS-SHEET? 3.

' INVENTR. Mavz'n 1'7. Will- M. F. WITT. MEANs'roII BURNING cnuof oIL.

' APPLICATION FILED IAN. 2z. IszI. 1,429,478. PatentedSept. 19, 1922.v

INVENTQR. M'r'n F. Wifi'.

Patented Sept. 19, 1922.

j o maan-a MEANS 'non TiURNiNe oiaufnii oir.;

Application fledlfanuary 27, 1921. Serial No. 440,323.

Means for Burning Crude Oil, 'of ivhich the following is a specification. l 4

This invention relates to a nfeiv' and useful method of and lmeans for burning'crude oil A in which 'an expansive medium as steam or air under pressure is Aemployed to spray or vaporize the oil before its introduction into a' furnace; and an object 'ofthe invention is to provide a burner of this character which will b'e superior operation 'and can be satisfactorily used vvith Icrude oil having an asphaltic base that is liable to'v clog and guin up the burner.` l

The invention also relates tol improve'` ments by vvhichfthe burneifc'an 'be instantly cleansed` with greatease and practically Without interruptioii fof the fire in the furnace.

I( havey discovered 'that the 'operation 'of burning crude oi1`is` improved by dividing the .oil by forcing it through very finev perforati-ons;v and l prefer 'to use perforations forations of any desired land convenient form of from f to of 'an inch in 'dia-meter; but do not limit" myself toperforati'ons of this size, hor to either circular, fangi'ilai or slot formsof perforations; but may'use pern'arr'ow enough to be effective.V K

An object of the invention isto cause a high rate of combustion and tojpiodu'cea White -flame With crude oil. n V l An vobject of theinventi'on `is to provide a crude oil burnerof this 'character which can be instantly cleansed or `automatically blown out so as to clearl away any-deposits occuring in vthe burner, and to put the-burner into condition for perfect action by simple movements ofk alever." l

o My inventionand discovery includes, first iluidifying the liquid.- fuel underheat and pressure; then finely, dividing-the` fuel Xvith a hot expansive medium jas steam, then mix` ing such medium and finely 'divided fuel, and immediately expanding" the mixture and introducing Ait at once into the furnace'or4 other place of lcombustion and there vignit-y ing it.

I provide a pressure chamber andan AeXlpansion chamber and interpose a perforated plate between such chambers so that the fluid fuel isfnely divided by ,action of endby mixing With the expansive medium, and is at once bloiwn from such expansion chamv ber into the' combustion chamber or fire bofX of a furnace Where it is ignited and burned). L provide means by yWhich-the expansive medium can be 'app-liedy toioleanse the "perl forations in the 4perforatedIplate `as desired. The burner is provided/With a 'normallv closed blow-out. o'

I have providedy a vburner-iii which the oil an'dfsteam is first brought together in a pres-y sure chamberwvhere the oil is subjected .to both-heat land pressure so as to make `its constituentsfmore highly uid, and then the oil is .blown through means4 for finely dividing the oil; afterl 'which expansion and mixing is'e'ffected, and then the mixture, in the form of a finelvapor,A is "ejected from the burner intofthe furnace'V and isat once Vcom` thereof to liquid state.

. busted sothat there is no return anypait y A principieoifhis.investies 'is naar;

rangement Within an expansion' and mix` ing chamber-'having an outlet'foi" `the mixture of-fuel-and'air vorsteam; of meansY for sprayingthe fuel into suchexpansionand mixing chamber in a highly divided state', and means Wherebythe fuel breaking yup device used 'to spray theifuelinto the eXpan-L sion chamber7 can be subjected to a blast of the expansive fuel-projecting medium, either vsteam ork air as the case-may be, sufficient `to remove allde'posits from the fbui-iier at a moments notice. f a

An' object of the invention is to so con` struct theblowing out contrivance that when itis p'utinto operation, the obstructions,v if any, which have occurred in the burner;- will be blown out irrespective yof the character or size' of; the accumulations that may form g andto this end I supply 'a passage of appro` priate size t'o" alloW- such 'obstructions fto pass,v land;arrange for closing said passage by asuitable'valveora plug When the burn` er. is in normal 'operating'conditionp An object-is to make` provision for great range of heating capacity combined' with economy of fuel; and t'oregulatethe*heat from a very low-fire to a fire of great volume;

- Otherobjects, ladvantages and featiiresof` invention' may appear from the accompanying dravvingsgthe subjoined detailv descrip` tion and the appended claims.

The invention may becairied out in numerous lways with appara-tusfofdifferentforms,

" and the` accompanying" drawingsfillustrate .Eire boxV of the furnace.

some of 'the forms in which I have embodied, and in which I contemplate embodying my newly invented apparatus and putting my invention and discovery into practical use.

Figure l is an elevation of one Yform of my newly invented oil burner installed in a l steam boiler furnace, a fragment of which is shown.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged fragmental detail of the control.

Fig. 3 is a :trag-mental axial section on line x3, Fig. 4, oit' a simple form of the burner.

Fig. l is a plan section on line ai?, Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is anenlarged section oi" the burner on line indicated at. m5 Figs. 1 and 6.l

Fig. 6 is an elevation in section on line ai, Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a rag'mental view of the burner shown in Figs. 1, 5 and 6, with the valve open for the purpose of cleansing the burner.

Fig. 8 is a vert-ical axial section of another form of burner embodying the invention with a crank-actuated valve, and showing the parts in cleansing position.

Fig. 9 is a plan section on line indicated at x9, Figs. 8 and 10. V

Fig. 10 is an elevation in section on lino e310, Figs. 8 and 9.

Fig. 11 is an enlarged elevation of the valve shown in Figs. 8,9 and 10.

Fig. 12 is a plan of the valve in section on line x12, Fig. 11.

Fig. 13 is a .tragmental axial-sectional elevation of another form of crank-actuated valve.

Fig. 14 is an axial section oit a burner constructed in accordance with this invention with a shearing valve.

Fig. 15 is a plan section on line w15, Fig. 14.

F 16 is a sectional elevation on another form of the burner constructed with a reciprocating valve.

Fig. 17 is a section on line m17, Fig. 16.

Fig. 18 is an axial section of a burner constructed in accordance with this invention and provided with a reciprocating expansion valve adapted to automatically operate through the action of steam pressure, and valve closing means, which is shown in this view as weighted lever arranged to allow vthe valve to blow oit after the mane ner of a safety valve. f

Fig. 19 is a plan section on lline m19, Fig. 18.

Figs. 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24 are views of another form of the burner. The blowing out is here eiected by means ot` valves having an oscillating, shearing, or slide motion The burner is here shown without any expansion chamber beyond the blow-out; it being;` understood kthat the mixing and expanding in this case occurs in the burner or Fig. 25 is a top plan view of another form of the burner and its control.

Fig. 26 is an enlarged sectional elevation on line m26, Fig. 25 .looking in the direction of the arrow.

Fig. 27 is a section on linev m27, Fig. 25, looking toward the right.

Fig. 28 is an enlarged plan view ot the lower portion of the burner shown in FiO's. 26 and 27, the expansion chamber being removed in part to expose the edge of the perforated plate which constitutes the fuel dividing means of thefurnace. 1 Y f Fig, 29 is a viewvoif another form of the burner installed in the furnace, a fragment of which is shown. i

Fig. 30 is a ragmental longitudinal section of what is shown in Fig. 29.

Fig. 31 is a lragmental detail of the construction of the burner shown in Figs. 29 and 30. 1

In the drawings, like parts are indicated by like characters and various forms of those elements having practically the same function are indicated by like letters with an addition of an Arabic numeralto mark the distinction where the forms are different with little if any variation of function.

Referring first to the form shown in Figs. 1, 2, 5,' Gand 7, the oil burner body a is constructed with a compressionchamber Z),

an expansion chamber 0 provided at right angles thereto with the'mixture outlet al, a by-pass-valve chamber e and -miXing means f normally separating between the compression chamber b and the expansion chamber o when the valve g is closed. his a steam pipe surrounding an oil pipe z'. These two pipes discharge into the compressiony chamber through the inlet 4 The valve chamber e is closed by-asuitable gland ,7J around the valve rod 7n.-

The body@ is preferably olA .cast steel. and the oil dividing` and mixing means inside the body is shown as a self-tempering steel ldisk f having tine perforatijons a therethrough.

he mixture outlet Z is provided with in-` wardly extending lips 0, p, to deflect the rnixture'so as to produce va higher circulation ot the mixture in vthe vexpansion and mixing chamber c, thus to intimately mix thev fuel and expansive medium vbefore it issues fromtheburner.

The pressure on` the oil in pipe z' may be from /l-O to 6 0 pounds per square vinch,so that the burner will operate against sucha pressure ot steam. ATheoil is pumped by pump F into oil.' pressure tankT, fromwhich it is'delivered to the burner-'B by oil pipe A, having' a check valve R to prevent back flow of oil. f

The oil pressure isset at a predetermined amount depending upon the pressure of steamto be carried. 'As the steam presand carries the valve rod gland fc4. i

tended outlet Z4 in one long side of this burner is provided for making a wide flame.

In Figs. 29 and 30 a valve g5 inside a steam pipe h5 is provided with perforations n and is operable in the nozzle 15 which is provided with lateral outlets a5. When moved toward the inlet tothe nozzle thev outlets a5 are successively closedand open vice versa when the valve is moved in the opposite direction outside ofthe nozzle, and there is arranged an expansionl chamber c5 which is in the form of .a skirt converging to a collar 16, that is screwed or otherwise secured to the steam pipe h5.

The oil pipe preferably terminates short .of the perforations a5.

It is understood that the blow-olf for cleaning out the burner may be arranged in different ways, and in F 28 a blow-off valve 17 is provided for that purpose.

In starting the burner into operation it is first necessary to get some steam pressure. Fire of wood or other fuel may be put into the coal furnace in order to get a steam pressure for starting. When the pressure has been raised to fifteen or twenty pounds then the .burner may' be started into successive operation by turning on the steamfull heat, and the oil according to the requirements. When the steam' has reached thev preferred pressure of from forty to `sixty pounds the valve will be set toproduce the best results.

In case any clogging occurs the fuely may be shut off and full steam pressure turned on, thus blowing out the accumulations as above indicated. i

In the form shown in Figs. 3 and 4c no provision is especially made for automatically removing accumulations from the divider f6 which is cast integral with the body a6. The lower end of the burner is threaded to .receive a blow-out plug 18 which may be unscrewed from time to time to allow the blowing-out operation to be performed. This also gives direct access to the divider.

In the forms shownin Figs. 6, 7, 8, 10,`

13 and 14 the divider is -insertedfinto a seat 19 and is secured'v in ,there by a hollow bushing 20 of suitable construction to form the interior of the compression chamber.

. In the form shown in Fig. 18 a plug 21 inthe burner body a'i admitsthe valve g4 In Fig. k10 the burner body al is threaded' at both ends to receive the plugs 22 and 23. The plug 23 on the expansion side is provided with a mixture outlet d10 so that the burner maybe supplied with two such outlets. f e

In the form of burner shown in Figs. 5, 6 and 7 the valve chamber or way e practically ts the valve excepting for they by.

ifi-29,478

pass inlet 24 which allows the valve to be opened. The concave middle of the valve lits against the disk when the valve is closed. The various steam and oil valves are operable `by a lever 25 or by any other suitable means, and said lever is shown asbeing held in the operable position by a spring 26 acting against a stationary abutment 27, and operating through rod 28 to pull the lever 25 intofoperating position.

It is understood that the frictional obstruction at the fuel dividing exit formed by the perforated plate f may be vvariously constructed without departing from the spirit `of the invention and that other changes may be made. rl`he main principle ofL the invention being that flow-obstructing and fuel-dividing means, as the plate f between the inlet at .7' to the burner and the outlet atdl from the burner, shall be such as to effect the desired mixing, and the valve as at g and the various equivalents thereof shownis adapted to direct the expansive medium angularly relative to the fuel dividing means so as to cleanse the same when the valve is opened.

I claim.

1. An oil burner having a compression chamber; means for supplying liquid fuel and an expansive medium to the compression chamber; a fuel dividing exit for the fuel and expansive medium during normal operation of the burner; and a valve-controlled exit from the compression chamber; the parts being arranged to direct the flow of expansive medium to remove obstructions from the top and bottom surfaces of the fuel dividing exit when the valve-con trolled exit is opened. y

2. The oilv burning` apparatus set forth comprising a hollow body provided with'an inlet at one end and an outlet intermediate e chamber and a valve to close and open said passage for the purpose of blowing out accumulations which rmay occur in the compression chamber.

3. An oil burner comprising a compression chamber into which liquid fuel and an expansive medium under pressure is introduced; an expansion and mixing chamber having an outlet from which the mixture issues; fuel dividing means between the chambers to allow fuel and expansive medium to pass in finely divided form from the compression chamber to the expansion chamber; and means for opening. an enlarged passage from the compression chamber for the purpose of directing the exn pansive medium angularly relative to the -fuel dividing means so as to eleansetlie vsame to allow normal operation when the between said chambers;l means to supply the pressure chamber with fuel and expansive medium; a fuel passage from the oompression chamber to the expansionehamber;

and means to open said passage to allow a rush of expansive rmedium to cleanse thel plate and to Close. s a'id passage fornormal operation. y v

5. The oil burning apparatus set forth comprising ahollow body provided with an inlet at one end and an outlet intermediate the inlet and the other end; flow obstructing and fuel dividing means between the inlet and the outlet; said dividing means separating the Cavity of the hollowl body into a compression chamber and an eXpansion chamber; there being a passage from the compression chamber to the expansion chamber around said dividing means and a valve to close and open said passagefor the purpose of blowing out accumulations which may oeeur in the compression chambei'.

6. An oil burner comprising a compression eliamber into which liquid fuel andl expansive medium under' pressure isl in.

troduced, an expansion and mixing chamber having an outlet at right angles to the body of said burner from which the'miXture issues, a perforated plateinterposed between said chambers, a fuel passage from the eompression' ychamber to the expansion chamber,

and means to open said passage to allow a rush of expansive medium to cleanse the plate and to elosesaidpassage fornormal operation. f

7. An oil burner adapted to use an eX-` pansive medium and having a chamber in pressure; means for finely dividing the oil` and allowing it and the expansive medium to issue from the chamber; 'and means whereby thel expansive medium is directed` angularly` in said chamber` relative to the fuel dividing means, wherebyae'eumulations in said chamber may be blown out atin- Witness J AMES R. TowNsEND.

January, 1921. I v. MARTIN F. IVI'ITI.v i

45 -whieh oil and steam are applied under' 

